![]() ![]() Senator (Ky) Humphrey Marshall and first cousin, three times removed, of General of the Army George C. One of his younger brothers, James Markham Marshall, would briefly serve as a federal judge. Nonetheless, John Marshall grew up in a two-room log cabin, which he shared with his parents and several siblings Marshall was the oldest of fifteen siblings. ![]() Thomas Marshall was employed in Fauquier County as a surveyor and land agent by Lord Fairfax, which provided him with a substantial income. His parents were Thomas Marshall and Mary Randolph Keith, the granddaughter of politician Thomas Randolph of Tuckahoe and a second cousin of U.S. In the mid-1760s, the Marshalls moved northwest to the present-day site of Markham, Virginia. Marshall was born on September 24, 1755, in a log cabin in Germantown, a rural community on the Virginia frontier, near present-day Midland, Fauquier County. John Marshall died of natural causes in 1835, and Andrew Jackson appointed Roger Taney as his successor. ![]() Georgia, Marshall held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non- Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license from the state was unconstitutional. Ogden established that the Commerce Clause bars states from restricting navigation. Virginia established that the Supreme Court could hear appeals from state courts in both civil and criminal matters. Maryland upheld the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the United States and established the principle that the states could not tax federal institutions. Woodward, the court invalidated state actions because they violated the Contract Clause. By establishing the principle of judicial review while avoiding an inter-branch confrontation, Marshall helped implement the principle of separation of powers and cement the position of the American judiciary as an independent and co-equal branch of government.Īfter 1803, many of the major decisions issued by the Marshall Court confirmed the supremacy of the federal government and the federal Constitution over the states. Marshall's holding avoided direct conflict with the executive branch, which was led by Democratic-Republican President Thomas Jefferson. In his opinion for the court, Marshall upheld the principle of judicial review, whereby courts could strike down federal and state laws if they conflicted with the Constitution. Madison presented the first major case heard by the Marshall Court. Under his leadership, the court moved away from seriatim opinions, instead issuing a single majority opinion that elucidated a clear rule. Marshall quickly emerged as the key figure on the court, due in large part to his personal influence with the other justices. In 1801, Adams appointed Marshall to the Supreme Court. He was appointed secretary of state in 1800 after a cabinet shake-up, becoming an important figure in the Adams administration. House of Representatives and emerged as a leader of the Federalist Party in Congress. After returning to the United States, Marshall won election to the U.S. In what became known as the XYZ Affair, the government of France refused to open negotiations unless the United States agreed to pay bribes. At the request of President Adams, Marshall traveled to France in 1797 to help bring an end to attacks on American shipping. Constitution, and he played a major role in Virginia's ratification of that document. Marshall favored the ratification of the U.S. During the later stages of the war, he was admitted to the state bar and won election to the Virginia House of Delegates. After the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, he joined the Continental Army, serving in numerous battles. Marshall was born in Germantown in the Colony of Virginia in 1755. House of Representatives from Virginia, thereby making him one of the few Americans to serve on all three branches of the United States federal government. secretary of state under President John Adams, and a representative, in the U.S. Prior to joining the court, Marshall briefly served as both the U.S. ![]() Supreme Court, and is widely regarded as one of the most influential justices ever to serve. He remains the longest-serving chief justice and fourth-longest serving justice in the history of the U.S. John Marshall (September 24, 1755 – July 6, 1835) was an American politician, lawyer, and Founding Father who served as the fourth chief justice of the United States from 1801 until his death in 1835. Germantown, Virginia Colony, British America ![]()
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